A new study reveals infertility challenges in endangered wild songbird populations. Utilizing 10 years of data, researchers from the University of Sheffield, the Zoological Society of London, and the University of Auckland, New Zealand, have uncovered vital insights into the reproductive challenges faced by the endangered hihi, a rare songbird native to New Zealand.
| Date | September 3, 2024 |
| Source | University of Sheffield |
| Summary | A pioneering study has delivered the most detailed estimate yet of infertility rates in an endangered wild animal species. |
If you want to know recent biology news likeA new study reveals infertility challenges in endangered wild songbird populations : Smell prepares nematodes and the human gut to combat infections, Mantis Shrimp-Clam Relationship Challenges a Biological Principle, Injury Dressings in First-Aid Kits Can Identify Shark Species After Bite Incidents, Harnessing big data helps scientists home in on new antimicrobials, New geological datings place the first European hominids in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, A New Rule of Biology Focusing on Evolution and Aging.
A groundbreaking study has delivered the most comprehensive estimate to date of infertility rates in a threatened wild animal species. This is the first study to establish a link between small population size, sex ratio bias, and reduced fertilization rates in wild animals, emphasizing the significant reproductive difficulties faced by threatened species with small populations and skewed sex ratios.
The research team examined over 4,000 eggs and evaluated the fertility of nearly 1,500 eggs that failed to hatch. The findings indicated that infertility is responsible for an average of 17 percent of hatching failures in hihi, with early embryo death accounting for most hatching failures.
Why a new study reveals infertility challenges in endangered wild songbird populations
- The study found that embryos are most vulnerable within the first two days of development, with no significant difference in survival rates between male and female embryos, and no apparent impact from inbreeding.
- Additionally, infertility rates were higher during years when the population was smaller and male numbers exceeded female numbers, suggesting that increased stress from heightened male harassment of females may contribute to these findings.
- The hihi, known for its high levels of female harassment by males and frequent extra-pair paternity, exemplifies the reproductive challenges faced by species with skewed sex ratios.
- In extreme cases, females may experience up to 16 forced copulations per hour, a behavior that is energetically draining and stressful, potentially leading to reduced fertility.
- By considering the impacts of population size and sex ratio on fertility, conservationists can better manage the numbers and composition of animals in populations, thereby improving fertility rates.
Fay Morland, a PhD student at the University of Sheffield and lead author of the study, said, “One of our key findings is that embryo mortality at the very early stages of development is the most common reason hihi eggs fail to hatch. However, the exact causes of failure at this stage remain unknown. These results highlight the urgent need for more research into the reproductive challenges faced by threatened species to better understand and mitigate the factors driving their risk of extinction.”
Dr. Nicola Hemmings, from the University of Sheffield’s School of Biosciences and leader of the research group, added, “Our research underscores the importance of understanding the factors that affect fertility in endangered species. The link between male-biased sex ratios and lower fertility rates suggests that managing population composition could be crucial for improving reproductive success in conservation programs.”
FAQ on a new study reveals infertility challenges in endangered wild songbird populations
1. What is a hihi bird?
The hihi, also known as the stitchbird (Notiomystis cincta), is a rare and endangered songbird native to New Zealand. It is known for its vibrant plumage and distinctive calls, and it is one of New Zealand’s unique and threatened bird species.
2. What does the hihi bird look like?
Male hihi birds are easily recognizable by their black head, white ear tufts, and striking yellow shoulder bands. Females and juveniles are more subdued in color, typically olive-brown with subtle yellow markings.