The 121 Biology Full Forms Alphabetically Arranged With Definitions

Biology is an important subject of science because it helps us to know the human body and gives information about its structure and function. As most complex biological terminology is provided in abbreviated form, it is necessary to understand the biology full forms properly.
In the study of biology, abbreviations are more frequently used to name species systems or mechanisms. Here is the list of several biology full forms:

List of Important Biology Full Forms

Sl. No.	Abbreviations	Biology Full Forms
1	AC	Adenylate Cyclase
2	ADH	Vasopressin/Anti-diuretic Hormone
3	AIDS	Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
4	ANF	Atrial-Natriuretic factor
5	ACTH	Adreno Corticotrophic Hormone
6	AML	Acute Myeloid Leukemia
7	BAC	Bacterial Artificial Chromosome
8	BP	Blood Pressure
9	BPPI	Biophysics of Proteins and Protein Interactions
10	BOD	Biochemical oxygen Demand
11	Bt	Bacillus thuringiensis
12	BCG	Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
13	BMD	Bone Mineral Density
14	BMI	Body Mass Index
15	CCK	Cholecystokinin
16	COA	Coenzyme A
17	CFCs	Chloro-fluro-carbons
18	CMI	Cell – Mediated Immunity
19	CNG	Compressed Natural Gas
20	CFT	Complement Fixation Test
21	CDK	Cyclin-dependent kinase
22	CSF	Cerebrospinal Fluid
23	CMV	Cytomegalovirus
24	CPR	Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
25	DFC	Detritus food chain
26	DU	Dobson Unit
27	dB	Decibel
28	DNA	Deoxyribonucleic Acid
29	DAP	Diamine phosphate
30	DVT	Deep Vein Thrombosis
31	2, 4-D	2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
32	DOTS	Directly Observed Therapy
33	ECG	Electrocardiogram
34	EEG	Electroencephalogram
35	ETC	Electron Transport Chain
36	ELISA	Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
37	ENT	Ear Nose Throat
38	GFR	Glomerular Filtration Rate
39	GH	Growth Hormone
40	GnRH	Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone
41	GA3	Gibberellic acid
42	GIFT	Gamete Intra-fallopian transfer
43	GMO	Genetically modified Organisms
44	GPP	Gross Primary Productivity
45	GFC	Grazing food chain
46	HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
47	hCG	Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
48	hPL	Human Placental Lactogen
49	HGP	Human Genome Project
50	hnRNA	Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA
51	IUCN	International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources
52	ICU	Intensive Care Unit
53	IG	Immunoglobulin
54	IUD	Intrauterine devices
55	IUI	Intra Uterine Insemination
56	ICSI	Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection
57	IUT	Intra Uterine Transfer
58	IMR	Infant Mortality Rate
59	ITP	Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
60	IUDs	Intra Uterine Devices
61	IVF	In-vitro fertilization
62	ICBN	International Code for Botanical Nomenclature
63	ICZN	International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
64	JGA	Juxta-Glomerular Apparatus
65	KVIC	Khadi & Village Industries Commission
66	LHC	Light Harvesting Complex
67	LAB	Lactic Acid Bacteria
68	MAP	Microtubule-associated protein
69	MC	Menstrual Cycle
70	MMC	Megaspore mother cell
71	MMR	Maternal Mortality Rate
72	MTP	Medical Termination of Pregnancy
73	MSH	Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
74	MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
75	MOET	Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology
76	MALT	Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue
77	MMR	Measles, Mumps and Rubella
78	MHD	Magneto hydrodynamics
79	NAD	Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Coenzyme)
80	NAA	Napthalene Acetic Acid
81	NHC	Non-histone Chromosomal proteins
82	NPP	Net Primary Productivity
83	OCD	Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
84	OAA	Oxalo acetic acid
85	Ori	Origin of Replication
86	OPD	Outpatient Department
87	ppm	Parts per million
88	PTH	Parathyroid hormone
89	PGA	Phosphoglyceric acid
90	PPLO	Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms
91	PGRS	Plant Growth Regulators
92	PMC	Pollen mother cell/microscope mother cell.
93	PEN	Primary Endosperm Nucleus
94	PCR	Polymerase Chain Reaction
95	ppb	Parts per billion
96	RuBisCO	Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase
97	RQ	Respiratory Quotient
98	RTI	Reproductive Tract Infection
99	RBC	Red Blood Cell
100	RTA	Renal Tubular Acidosis
101	RNA	Ribonucleic Acid
102	RO	Reverse Osmosis
103	snRNA	Small Nuclear RNA
104	sRNA	Soluble RNA
105	STDS	Sexually Transmitted Diseases
106	SCP	Single Cell Protein
107	STPs	Sewage Treatment Plants
108	SGOT	Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase
109	SGPT	Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase
110	TT	Tetanus Toxoid
111	Ti Plasmid	Tumor Inducing Plasmid
112	Taq	Thermus aquaticus
113	TSH	Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
114	T3	Triodothyronine
115	T4	Tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine
116	TCT	Thyrocalcitonin.
117	VNTR	Variable Number of Tandem Repeats
118	WBC	White Blood Cell
119	WHO	World Health Organization
120	YAC	Yeast Artificial Chromosome
121	ZIFT	Zygote Intra-fallopian transfer

Definition Of Each Biology Full Forms

1. AC: Adenylate Cyclase-

Among the important biology full forms the first one is Adenylate cyclase, is an essential enzyme found in various organisms, including humans. It plays a crucial role in cellular signaling by catalyzing the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This reaction is known as cyclization.

2. ADH: Vasopressin/Anti-diuretic Hormone-

Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a vital role in regulating water balance and blood pressure in the body. The primary function of vasopressin is to reduce the excretion of water by the kidneys, thereby conserving water in the body and concentrating urine.

3. AIDS : Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome-

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), is a severe and advanced stage of infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4+ T cells, which are crucial in mounting an effective immune response against infections. Over time, the continuous destruction of these cells weakens the immune system, making the person vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

4. ANF: Atrial-Natriuretic factor-

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), also known as Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF), is a hormone produced primarily by the atria of the heart. It plays a vital role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. ANP is released in response to increased stretching of the atrial walls, which occurs when there is an increase in blood volume or pressure in the heart’s chambers.

5. ACTH: Adreno Corticotrophic Hormone-

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin, is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of the body’s response to stress and the control of cortisol production in the adrenal glands.

6. AML: Acute Myeloid Leukemia-

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood. It is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal myeloid cells, which are immature white blood cells that would normally develop into various types of mature blood cells (e.g., red blood cells, platelets, and other types of white blood cells).

7. BAC: Bacterial Artificial Chromosome-

Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC), is a type of vector used in molecular biology and genetics to clone and manipulate large DNA fragments, including entire genes or even whole genomes. BACs are widely used tools in genomics research, as they allow scientists to study and analyze the genetic material of organisms, including humans, animals, and plants.

8. BP: Blood Pressure-

Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as it is pumped by the heart. It is a crucial physiological parameter that indicates the pressure within the circulatory system and is essential for maintaining adequate blood flow to various organs and tissues in the body.

9. BPPI: Biophysics of Proteins and Protein Interactions-

Biophysics, which is the interdisciplinary field that combines principles of physics and biology to study biological processes and structures at the molecular level. It plays a crucial role in understanding the biophysical properties of proteins and their interactions, which are fundamental to the functioning of living organisms. Related to this biology full forms, you can read more about proteins in this article: Relationship Between Protein Structure and Function | Structure and Function of Proteins.

10. BOD : Biochemical oxygen Demand-

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a critical water quality parameter used to measure the level of organic pollution in water bodies. It is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) required by microorganisms to break down organic material present in the water through aerobic biological processes.

11. Bt: Bacillus thuringiensis-

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that is widely known for its insecticidal properties. It is an important natural biological control agent used in agriculture and forestry to combat certain insect pests. Bt produces a variety of protein toxins known as “delta-endotoxins” or “Cry toxins,” which are specifically toxic to certain groups of insects but generally harmless to humans, animals, and beneficial insects.

12. BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is a live attenuated vaccine derived from the Mycobacterium bovis bacterium. It is used primarily as a vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) and is one of the most widely administered vaccines worldwide. The BCG vaccine is named after its developers, Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin, who developed it in the early 20th century.

13. BMD: Bone Mineral Density-

Bone mineral density (BMD), is a measure of the amount of minerals, primarily calcium and phosphorus, present in a specific volume of bone tissue. It is an essential parameter used to assess bone health and diagnose conditions such as osteoporosis and osteopenia.

14. BMI: Body Mass Index-

Body Mass Index (BMI), is a numerical value derived from an individual’s weight and height, used to categorize their body composition and assess whether their weight falls within a healthy range. It is a widely used tool to evaluate whether a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese, and it provides a quick and easy way to estimate body fat and associated health risks.

15. CCK: Cholecystokinin-

Cholecystokinin (CCK), is a hormone and neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in the digestive system and the regulation of appetite. It is produced by cells in the lining of the small intestine and released in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the digestive tract.

16. COA: Coenzyme A-

Coenzyme A (CoA), is a small, water-soluble molecule that plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes within cells. It acts as a coenzyme, which means it works together with specific enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions in the cell. Coenzyme A is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids.

17. CFCs : Chlorofluorocarbons-

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are synthetic compounds composed of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms. They belong to a family of halocarbon gases that were widely used in various industrial and consumer applications, especially as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, and foam-blowing agents.

18. CMI : Cell – Mediated Immunity-

Cell-mediated immunity, also known as cellular immunity, is a critical component of the immune response that involves the activation of specific immune cells to defend the body against intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, certain bacteria, and parasites. This type of immunity is distinct from humoral immunity, which involves the production of antibodies by B cells to neutralize extracellular pathogens.

19. CNG: Compressed Natural Gas-

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), is a clean and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel. It is a gaseous form of natural gas composed mainly of methane (CH4) that is compressed to a high pressure to increase its energy density and storage capacity. CNG is primarily used as a fuel for vehicles, especially in the transportation sector, due to its lower emissions and cost-effectiveness.

20. CFT: Complement Fixation Test-

Complement Fixation Test (CFT), is a serological laboratory technique used to detect the presence of specific antibodies in a patient’s blood against a particular pathogen or antigen. It is based on the principle of complement activation, a component of the immune system that helps destroy foreign pathogens.

21. CDK: Cyclin-dependent kinase-

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle. They are a group of protein kinases that function as key regulators of cell cycle progression by controlling the activities of other proteins through phosphorylation. The cell cycle is a tightly controlled process that governs cell growth and division, ensuring the accurate duplication and segregation of genetic material during cell division.

22. CSF: Cerebrospinal Fluid-

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord within the central nervous system (CNS). It is one of the essential components of the CNS, playing several vital roles in protecting and supporting the brain and spinal cord.

23. CMV: Cytomegalovirus-

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), is a common virus that belongs to the herpesvirus family. It is a widespread virus that can infect people of all ages, and once infected, the virus remains in the body for life. In healthy individuals, CMV infections are usually asymptomatic or cause mild flu-like symptoms. However, CMV can cause more severe complications in individuals with weakened immune systems or in certain groups, such as newborns and pregnant women.

24. CPR: Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation-

Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), is an emergency procedure performed to revive a person whose heart has stopped beating or is experiencing a life-threatening cardiac or respiratory event. The goal of CPR is to restore blood circulation and oxygen supply to vital organs, especially the brain, until professional medical help can arrive.

25. DFC : Detritus food chain-

Detritus food chain, also known as the decomposer food chain or detrital food chain, is a type of food chain that begins with dead organic matter and involves the decomposition and breakdown of this material by detritivores and decomposers. Unlike traditional food chains that start with producers (plants) and move up to consumers (herbivores and carnivores), the detritus food chain starts with non-living organic matter.

26. DU: Dobson Units-

Dobson Units (DU), are a unit of measurement used to quantify the concentration of ozone in the Earth’s atmosphere. They are named after G.M.B. Dobson, a British scientist who was instrumental in pioneering ozone research. Dobson Units are commonly used in atmospheric science and meteorology to express the thickness or concentration of ozone in a vertical column of air.

27. dB: Decibel-

The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit of measurement used to express the ratio of two values, typically of a physical quantity, relative to a specific reference level. It is widely used in various fields, including acoustics, electronics, telecommunications, and physics. The decibel scale is particularly useful when dealing with large ranges of values and when comparing quantities that span many orders of magnitude.

28. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid-

One of the most used biology full forms is Deoxyribonucleic Acid, commonly known as DNA, which is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions essential for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a double-stranded, helical structure and serves as the blueprint or code for the synthesis of proteins and other molecules necessary for life.

29. DAP: Diamine phosphate-

“Diamine phosphate” is not a specific and recognized chemical compound. It seems to be a combination of two terms: “diamine” and “phosphate.

30. DVT: Deep Vein Thrombosis-

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), is a medical condition characterized by the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein, usually in the legs. It is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention as it can lead to potentially life-threatening complications if left untreated.

31. 2, 4-D : 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid-

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), is a synthetic herbicide and plant growth regulator widely used in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry to control broadleaf weeds in crops and non-crop areas. It is one of the most extensively used herbicides in the world and has been in use since the 1940s.

32. DOTS: Directly Observed Therapy-

Directly Observed Therapy (DOT), is a tuberculosis (TB) control strategy used to ensure that patients with TB adhere to their prescribed treatment regimen. TB is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs. To effectively treat TB and prevent the development of drug-resistant strains, it is crucial that patients complete their full course of treatment.

33. EEG: Electrocardiogram-

One of the generally used biology full forms is ECG captures the electrical impulses generated by the heart as it contracts and relaxes. This process is orchestrated by a specialized group of cells within the heart known as the sinoatrial node (SA node), often referred to as the heart’s natural pacemaker. The SA node initiates each heartbeat by sending an electrical signal that spreads throughout the atria, causing them to contract and push blood into the ventricles. Subsequently, the signal is transmitted to the atrioventricular node (AV node), which delays it slightly before relaying it to the ventricles, ensuring proper coordination of atrial and ventricular contractions.

34. ETC : Electron Transport Chain-

Electron Transport Chain (ETC), is a crucial process that takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells (or the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells) during cellular respiration. It is the final stage of aerobic respiration, where electrons derived from the breakdown of fuel molecules (such as glucose) are transferred through a series of protein complexes, ultimately leading to the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s primary energy currency.

35. ELISA : Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay-

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, commonly known as ELISA, is a highly sensitive and widely used laboratory technique for detecting and measuring the presence of specific proteins, antibodies, or antigens in a sample. ELISA is a fundamental tool in immunology, clinical diagnostics, and biomedical research.

36. EEG: Electroencephalogram-

Electroencephalogram, commonly referred to as an EEG, is a diagnostic test used to measure and record the electrical activity of the brain. It is a non-invasive procedure that helps doctors and healthcare professionals understand the brain’s functioning by monitoring the electrical signals produced by neurons.

37.ENT: Ear Nose Throat-

Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT), is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions related to the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck. ENT specialists, also known as otolaryngologists, are medical doctors who have completed specialized training in this field.

38. GFR: Glomerular Filtration Rate-

One of the important biology full forms is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), which is a critical measure used in nephrology (the study of the kidneys) to assess how well the kidneys are functioning in filtering waste and excess substances from the blood. GFR is considered one of the most important indicators of kidney function and is used in the diagnosis and monitoring of various kidney diseases and conditions.

39. GH: Growth Hormone-

Growth Hormone (GH), also known as human growth hormone (HGH) or somatotropin, is a peptide hormone produced by the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. It plays a crucial role in stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in the body.

40. GnRH : Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone-

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), also known as Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone or Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH), is a crucial hormone produced by the hypothalamus, a region in the brain. It plays a fundamental role in the regulation of reproductive function in both males and females by controlling the release of two important pituitary hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

41. GA3: Gibberellic acid-

Gibberellic acid (GA), is a naturally occurring plant hormone that belongs to the gibberellin family. It plays a crucial role in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development, particularly in promoting stem elongation, seed germination, flowering, and fruit development. Gibberellins were initially discovered as a result of their association with a plant disease known as “foolish seedling,” caused by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi.

42.GIFT: Gamete Intra-fallopian transfer-

Gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT), is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure used to treat infertility in couples who have difficulty conceiving naturally. GIFT is a variation of in vitro fertilization (IVF) that involves the transfer of both eggs (oocytes) and sperm into the woman’s fallopian tubes, where fertilization can take place naturally.

43. GMO : Genetically modified Organisms-

In biotechnology one of the most used biology full forms is Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), which are living organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This modification involves the introduction of specific genes from one organism (source) into the DNA of another organism (target) to confer desirable traits or characteristics. GMOs can include plants, animals, microorganisms, and even some insects.

44. GPP: Gross Primary Productivity-

One of the most used biology full forms is Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), is a critical ecological term that represents the total amount of energy captured by plants in an ecosystem through photosynthesis over a specific period, typically measured in units of energy per unit area per unit time (e.g., kJ/m²/year or g/m²/day). GPP is one of the essential components used to quantify the flow of energy through ecosystems and serves as the foundation for all higher trophic levels in the food chain.

45. GFC: Grazing food chain-

Grazing food chain, also known as the grazing trophic pathway, is a type of ecological food chain that represents the flow of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem starting from the primary producers and progressing through successive trophic levels. In a grazing food chain, energy is transferred from plants (primary producers) to herbivores (primary consumers), and then to carnivores (secondary and higher-order consumers) as they consume one another.

46.HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Viruses-

Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV), which are a group of retroviruses that attack the human immune system, leading to a condition called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a global health concern and has led to millions of deaths worldwide since its discovery in the 1980s.

47. hCG: Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin-

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It plays a crucial role in supporting early pregnancy and is commonly used as a marker in pregnancy tests to detect pregnancy.

48. hPL: Human Placental Lactogen-

One of the biology full forms is Human Placental Lactogen (hPL), also known as human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS), is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It belongs to the somatotropin family of hormones, which includes growth hormone and prolactin. hPL is essential for supporting pregnancy and plays various roles in maternal and fetal physiology.

49. HGP: Human Genome Project-

Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research effort that aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome. It was one of the most significant and ambitious scientific endeavors of the 20th century and early 21st century. The HGP provided foundational knowledge about the structure and organization of human genes, laying the groundwork for various advancements in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.

50. hnRNA: Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA-

Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA (hnRNA), is an intermediate form of RNA that is synthesized during gene expression and processing within the cell nucleus. It serves as a precursor to mature messenger RNA (mRNA), which ultimately carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.

51. IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources-

IUCN was founded in 1948 and was initially known as the International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN). It later changed its name to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and eventually to the current name, the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

52. ICU: Intensive Care Unit-

One of the medically used biology full forms is the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), which is a specialized department within a hospital that provides intensive and critical medical care to patients with life-threatening or severe medical conditions. The ICU is equipped with advanced medical technology and staffed by a highly trained healthcare team that includes intensivists (physicians specialized in critical care), nurses, respiratory therapists, and other specialists.

53. IG: Immunoglobulin-

Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are essential components of the immune system that play a crucial role in defending the body against infections and foreign invaders. They are Y-shaped proteins produced by specialized immune cells called B lymphocytes (B cells) in response to the presence of antigens, which are specific molecules found on the surface of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.

54. IUD: Intrauterine devices-

One of the important biology full forms is Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a form of long-acting and reversible contraception that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. They are small, T-shaped devices made of plastic, copper, or a combination of both materials. IUDs are highly effective, convenient, and provide protection against pregnancy for several years, depending on the type of IUD.

55. IUI: Intra Uterine Insemination-

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), also known as artificial insemination, is an assisted reproductive technique used to facilitate pregnancy in couples experiencing difficulty conceiving naturally. During IUI, specially prepared sperm is directly introduced into the woman’s uterus, increasing the chances of sperm reaching the fallopian tubes and fertilizing the egg.

56. ICSI : Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection-

In reproductive biology, one of the important biology full forms is Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), which is an advanced assisted reproductive technique used to treat male infertility when there are severe sperm-related issues. ICSI is performed as part of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and involves the direct injection of a single sperm into an egg to achieve fertilization.

57. IUT: Intra Uterine Transfer-

“Intra Uterine Transfer of sperm” might refer to the process of “Intrauterine Insemination” (IUI). Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment in which sperm is directly placed into a woman’s uterus to enhance the chances of fertilization.

58. IMR : Infant Mortality Rate-

Infant mortality rate (IMR), is a critical demographic indicator that measures the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given population during a specific time period. It is often used as an important measure of a country’s or region’s overall health and well-being, as well as the quality of healthcare and socio-economic conditions.

59. ITP: Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura-

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), also known as Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura, is a blood disorder characterized by a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) due to the immune system mistakenly attacking and destroying platelets. Platelets are crucial blood cells involved in clotting and preventing bleeding. When the platelet count is significantly reduced, it can lead to a tendency for easy bruising and bleeding.

60. IUDs : Intra Uterine Devices-

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs), which are small, T-shaped contraceptive devices that are inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. They are highly effective, long-acting, and reversible forms of birth control. IUDs work by affecting sperm movement, egg fertilization, and implantation of a fertilized egg.

61. IVF: In-vitro fertilization-

in the field of infertility one of the most used biology full forms is In-vitro fertilization (IVF) which is a reproductive technology and assisted reproductive technique that helps couples who are struggling with infertility to conceive a child. The process involves combining eggs and sperm outside the woman’s body in a laboratory, and then transferring the resulting embryo(s) into the woman’s uterus. IVF is one of the most effective methods of assisted reproduction and has helped millions of couples worldwide to achieve pregnancy and have children.

62. ICBN: International Code for Botanical Nomenclature-

International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICN), which is the set of rules and recommendations governing the scientific naming of algae, fungi, and plants. It is commonly referred to as the Botanical Code. The ICN is maintained and updated by the International Botanical Congress, which convenes every six years to discuss and amend the code if necessary.

63. ICZN: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature-

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), is a set of rules and principles that govern the scientific naming of animals. It provides a standardized system for naming new animal species and higher taxonomic groups, ensuring stability and consistency in zoological taxonomy. The ICZN is maintained and updated by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), an international body of zoologists.

64. JGA: Juxta-Glomerular Apparatus-

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), is a specialized structure found in the kidneys, specifically located at the point where the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) comes into close contact with the afferent arteriole of the same nephron. The JGA plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and kidney function through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

65. KVIC: Khadi & Village Industries Commission-

In the field of biology one of the commercially used biology full forms is the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), which is an autonomous body established by the Government of India to promote and develop Khadi and village industries in rural areas. It was founded on 2nd October 1956, as per the provisions of the Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act, 1956.

66. LHC : Light Harvesting Complex-

In botany one of the most used biology full forms is the Light Harvesting Complex (LHC), which is a crucial component of photosynthetic organisms, including plants, algae, and certain bacteria. It is a group of proteins and pigment molecules that work together to capture and transfer light energy during the process of photosynthesis. The primary function of the LHC is to absorb light energy and funnel it to the reaction centers of photosystems, where the energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).

67. LAB : Lactic Acid Bacteria-

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), are a group of beneficial and diverse bacteria that produce lactic acid as the primary fermentation product from carbohydrates. They play essential roles in various food fermentation processes, probiotics, and other industrial applications. Lactic acid bacteria are gram-positive, non-spore-forming, and predominantly found in various environments, including the digestive tract of humans and animals, plants, and fermented foods.

68. MAP:  Microtubule-associated protein

Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are a group of proteins that interact with microtubules, which are a component of the cytoskeleton in cells. The cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of protein filaments that provides structural support, maintains cell shape, facilitates cell division, and enables intracellular transport and movement.

69. MC: Menstrual Cycle-

Menstrual Cycle is a natural, recurring process that occurs in the female reproductive system. It involves a series of physiological changes and hormonal fluctuations that prepare the body for potential pregnancy each month. The menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days, although it can vary in length for different individuals.

70. MMC: Megaspore mother cell-

Megaspore mother cell, also known as the megasporocyte, is a specialized cell found in the ovule of seed plants. It plays a critical role in the process of megasporogenesis, which leads to the production of megaspores. Megasporogenesis is a part of the female reproductive process in seed plants and is essential for sexual reproduction.

71. MMR: Maternal Mortality Rate-

Maternal mortality rate (MMR), which is a critical health indicator that measures the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in a specific population over a given period. It is used to assess the risk of death associated with pregnancy and childbirth, reflecting the overall health and access to healthcare services for pregnant women in a particular region or country.

72. MTP: Medical Termination of Pregnancy-

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP), also known as abortion, is a medical procedure to terminate a pregnancy before the fetus reaches viability. Viability refers to the point at which the fetus is capable of surviving outside the womb, typically around 24 weeks of gestation. MTP is considered a safe and legal option in many countries to address unwanted pregnancies or pregnancies that pose a risk to the health of the pregnant woman.

73. MSH: Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone-

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), is a peptide hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of skin pigmentation, among other functions. There are several forms of MSH, with the most well-known being alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).

74. MRI : Magnetic Resonance Imaging-

One of the medically used biology full forms is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), is a powerful medical imaging technique used to visualize internal structures of the body in high detail without using ionizing radiation. Instead, MRI relies on a combination of strong magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body’s tissues and organs.

75. MOET :Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology-

Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET) technology, also known as Superovulation and Embryo Transfer (SOET), is a reproductive biotechnology used in animal breeding to increase the number of offspring from genetically valuable female animals. MOET technology involves the controlled induction of superovulation in a female animal, followed by the collection of multiple eggs (ova) and their subsequent fertilization in vitro (outside the animal’s body). The resulting embryos are then transferred to surrogate or recipient animals for gestation and birth.

76. MALT : Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue-

Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), is a specialized component of the immune system that is located in mucosal surfaces throughout the body. MALT is a part of the larger lymphoid tissue system and plays a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens that enter through mucous membranes, such as those in the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts.

77. MMR: Measles, Mumps and Rubella-

Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), are three viral infections caused by different viruses that can affect humans, especially children. The MMR vaccine is a combination vaccine that provides immunity against all three diseases. It is widely used to prevent these viral infections and their associated complications.

78. MHD:  Magneto hydrodynamics-

Magneto hydrodynamics (MHD), is a branch of fluid dynamics that studies the behavior of electrically conducting fluids, such as plasmas, liquid metals, and ionized gases, in the presence of magnetic fields. It combines principles from magnetism and hydrodynamics to understand the interactions between magnetic fields and fluid flows.

79. NAD : Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Coenzyme)-

One of the most used biology full forms is Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), which is a coenzyme that plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes in all living cells. It is a derivative of vitamin B3 (niacin) and is involved in redox reactions, which are essential for energy production and numerous cellular processes.

80. NAA : Napthalene Acetic Acid-

Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), is a synthetic plant growth regulator or plant hormone. It is a member of the auxin family, which are a class of plant hormones that play a vital role in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development. NAA is commonly used in agriculture, horticulture, and plant research to influence plant growth and development in desired ways.

81. NHC : Non-histone Chromosomal proteins-

Non-histone chromosomal proteins, which are a group of proteins that are associated with chromatin (the complex of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes) but are not part of the histone protein family. Histones are the primary proteins responsible for packaging and organizing DNA into nucleosomes, which form the basic structural units of chromatin.

82. NPP: Net Primary Productivity-

Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is a critical ecological concept that measures the amount of energy that plants capture and store through photosynthesis, minus the energy they expend during cellular respiration. NPP represents the net gain of energy available to support the growth and reproduction of primary producers (plants) in an ecosystem. It is a fundamental measure of the rate at which plants convert solar energy into biomass.

83. OCD: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder-

One of the important biology full forms is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is a mental health condition characterized by the presence of intrusive, distressing, and repetitive thoughts, images, or urges called obsessions, and the engagement in repetitive behaviors or mental acts, known as compulsions, in response to those obsessions. OCD is a chronic and potentially disabling condition that can significantly impact a person’s daily life and functioning.

84. OAA : Oxalo acetic acid-

Oxaloacetic acid (OAA), is a four-carbon organic acid and a crucial intermediate in several metabolic pathways in living organisms. It plays a central role in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) and is involved in gluconeogenesis, the process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors. Related to this biology full forms, you can read more about carbohydrates in this article: Structure and Function of 3 Most Important Carbohydrates.

85. Ori : Origin of Replication-

Origin of replication, is a specific DNA sequence within a chromosome or a plasmid where the process of DNA replication begins. It is the site where various proteins and enzymes bind to initiate the duplication of the DNA molecule. The origin of replication is essential for ensuring accurate and efficient DNA replication during cell division and other cellular processes.

86.OPD: Outpatient Department-

Outpatient Department (OPD), is a section or area in a hospital or medical facility where patients receive medical evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care without requiring an overnight stay. In contrast to inpatient care, where patients are admitted to the hospital for an extended period, the OPD provides medical services on an outpatient basis.

87. ppm : Parts per million-

Parts per million (ppm), is a unit of measurement used to express the concentration of a substance in a solution or mixture. It indicates the number of units of the substance present per one million units of the total solution or mixture. Parts per million is commonly used in various fields, including chemistry, environmental science, industry, and health.

88. PTH: Parathyroid hormone-

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), is a hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands, which are four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland in the neck. PTH plays a crucial role in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, helping to maintain a stable and appropriate concentration of these minerals in the bloodstream and tissues.

89. PGA: Phosphoglyceric acid-

Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA), also known as 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), is a three-carbon organic compound that plays a central role in the process of photosynthesis, specifically during the Calvin cycle, which is the second phase of photosynthesis. PGA is an intermediate product formed during the carbon fixation stage of photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds.

90. PPLO : Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms-

Pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO), also known as Mycoplasma, are a group of bacteria that are distinct from typical bacteria due to their small size and lack of a cell wall. Mycoplasmas are among the smallest known free-living organisms and are considered to be the simplest bacteria in terms of cellular structure. They are capable of causing various diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

91.PGRS: Plant Growth Regulators-

Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs), also known as plant hormones or phytohormones, are naturally occurring organic compounds that play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in plants. These hormones control growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. PGRs act at low concentrations and are produced in one part of the plant and transported to other parts to exert their effects.

92. PMC : Pollen mother cell-

A pollen mother cell (PMC), also known as a microsporocyte, is a specialized cell found in the anther of a flower, which is the male reproductive organ of flowering plants. The primary function of the PMC is to undergo meiosis, a type of cell division, to produce haploid microspores. These microspores eventually develop into pollen grains, which are the male gametophytes responsible for fertilizing the female reproductive organs (ovules) of the flower.

93. PEN : Primary Endosperm Nucleus-

Primary Endosperm Nucleus (PEN), is a specialized nucleus that forms in the embryo sac of angiosperms during double fertilization, a unique reproductive process in flowering plants. Double fertilization involves the fusion of two sperm cells with two different female gametophytic cells to give rise to both the embryo and the endosperm, which is a nutrient-rich tissue that supports the developing embryo.

94. PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction-

One of the most used biology full forms in the field of biotechnology is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), is a powerful molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA in a test tube. PCR allows researchers to produce multiple copies of a particular DNA fragment from a small initial sample, enabling the study and analysis of DNA sequences in various applications, including research, diagnostics, forensic analysis, and biotechnology.

95. ppb: Parts per billion-

Parts per billion (ppb), is a unit of measurement used to express very small concentrations of a substance in a mixture. It indicates the number of units of the substance present per one billion (1,000,000,000) units of the total mixture. Parts per billion is commonly used in various scientific fields, especially in environmental science, chemistry, and toxicology, where extremely low concentrations of substances are of interest.

96. RuBisCO : Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase-

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO), is an essential enzyme found in all photosynthetic organisms, including plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. It plays a central role in the process of carbon fixation during photosynthesis, specifically in the Calvin cycle.

97. RQ: Respiratory Quotient-

in physiology one of the most used biology full forms is the Respiratory Quotient (RQ), also known as the Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER), is a physiological measurement that relates the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced to the amount of oxygen (O2) consumed during cellular respiration. It is used to evaluate the type of fuel being metabolized by an organism or cell for energy production. The respiratory quotient provides valuable information about the metabolic processes occurring in the body and can vary depending on the type of nutrients being utilized.

98. RTI: Reproductive Tract Infection-

Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI) refers to any infection that affects the reproductive organs in both males and females. These infections can involve various parts of the reproductive system, including the genitals, the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries in females, and the testes and epididymis in males. RTIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites and can lead to various symptoms and complications if left untreated.

99.RBC: Red Blood Cell-

in hematology one of the most used biology full forms is Red Blood Cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, are the most abundant type of blood cells in the human body. They play a critical role in oxygen transport from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide transport from tissues back to the lungs for elimination.

100. RTA: Renal Tubular Acidosis-

Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA), is a medical condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to properly regulate acid-base balance in the body. Normally, the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products, including acids, from the blood and excreting them in the urine. In RTA, there is a defect in the kidney’s ability to reabsorb bicarbonate (a base) or excrete hydrogen ions (acids), leading to an accumulation of acid in the blood, resulting in acidosis.

101. RNA: Ribonucleic Acid-

Ribonucleic Acid, commonly known as RNA, is a molecule essential for various biological processes in living organisms. It is a linear polymer made up of nucleotides, just like its counterpart, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). RNA plays a central role in gene expression and protein synthesis within cells. You can read more about this biology full forms in this article: DNA and RNA Structure and Function | Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids.

102. RO: Reverse Osmosis-

Reverse osmosis (RO), is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove dissolved salts, impurities, and contaminants from water. It is a type of filtration method that allows water molecules to pass through the membrane while blocking the passage of larger particles and dissolved substances. The process is called “reverse” osmosis because it operates opposite to the natural osmosis process.

103. snRNA: Small Nuclear RNA-

Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA), is a class of short RNA molecules found in the cell nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. These RNAs play crucial roles in the processing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) and its conversion into mature mRNA. snRNAs are essential components of the spliceosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for RNA splicing. You can read more about this biology full forms in this article: The Structure and Function of Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA).

104. sRNA: Soluble RNA-

Soluble RNA (sRNA), is an outdated term that was previously used to refer to Transfer RNA (tRNA). Transfer RNA is a type of RNA molecule involved in protein synthesis (translation) within cells. It carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes during the translation process, where they are assembled into a polypeptide chain according to the information encoded in the messenger RNA (mRNA). If you want to read another such biology full forms, then go through this article: Structure and Function of Small Nucleolar RNA (snoRNA).

105. STDS: Sexually Transmitted Diseases-

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), also known as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), which are infections that are primarily transmitted through sexual contact. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microorganisms.

106. SCP: Single Cell Protein-

Single Cell Protein (SCP) refers to a type of protein-rich biomass derived from the growth of single-celled microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and algae. These microorganisms are cultivated in large-scale bioreactors or fermentation tanks and can be a valuable source of protein for human and animal consumption.

107.STPs: Sewage Treatment Plants-

In ecology one of the most used biology full forms is Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), are facilities designed to treat and process wastewater (sewage) to remove contaminants and pollutants before discharging the treated water back into the environment or reusing it for various purposes. Sewage treatment is essential for protecting public health, safeguarding water quality, and preserving the natural environment.

108. SGOT: Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase-

Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase, commonly known as SGOT or AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), which is an enzyme found primarily in the cells of the liver, heart, muscles, and other tissues. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of amino acids and is involved in transferring an amino group from aspartate to alpha-ketoglutarate, generating oxaloacetate and glutamate in the process.

109. SGPT: Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase-

Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, also known as SGPT or ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase), is an enzyme found primarily in the cells of the liver, as well as in smaller amounts in the heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscles. Like SGOT/AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALT plays a critical role in amino acid metabolism, specifically in transferring an amino group from alanine to alpha-ketoglutarate, generating pyruvate and glutamate in the process.

110. TT: Tetanus Toxoid-

Tetanus toxoid is a vaccine used to prevent tetanus, a severe and potentially life-threatening bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. The tetanus bacteria produce a potent neurotoxin known as tetanospasmin, which affects the nervous system and leads to muscle stiffness and spasms.

111. Ti Plasmid : Tumor Inducing Plasmid-

A Tumor-Inducing Plasmid, also known as a Ti plasmid (Tumor-inducing plasmid), is a type of plasmid found in some strains of plant-pathogenic bacteria, particularly in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. These plasmids play a significant role in the development of plant tumors, also known as crown galls or hairy roots.

112. Taq : Thermus aquaticus-

Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic bacterium that thrives in hot springs and other high-temperature environments. It is particularly well-known for its heat-resistant enzyme called Taq DNA polymerase, which is widely used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

113. TSH : Thyroid Stimulating Hormone-

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), also known as thyrotropin, is a hormone produced and released by the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. TSH plays a crucial role in regulating the function of the thyroid gland, which is an essential organ in the endocrine system responsible for producing thyroid hormones.

114. T3 : Triodothyronine-

In endocrinology one of the most used biology full forms is Triiodothyronine (T3) is one of the two main thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland, with the other being thyroxine (T4). T3 is the biologically active form of thyroid hormone, and it plays a vital role in regulating metabolism and various physiological processes in the body.

115. T4: Tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine-

Tetraiodothyronine, more commonly known as thyroxine or T4, is one of the two main thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland. The other thyroid hormone is triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroxine is a prohormone, meaning it is an inactive precursor of the biologically active hormone T3.

116. TCT: Thyrocalcitonin-

Thyrocalcitonin, also known as calcitonin, is a hormone produced by special cells, known as C-cells or parafollicular cells, located in the thyroid gland. Unlike thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid, calcitonin is synthesized by a different population of cells within the same gland.

117. VNTR: Variable Number of Tandem Repeats-

Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs), is a type of DNA sequence variation characterized by the presence of short, repeating DNA sequences arranged in tandem repeats at a specific chromosomal locus. In VNTRs, the number of repeats can vary significantly between individuals, leading to allelic diversity.

118. WBC: White Blood Cell-

White blood cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are a crucial component of the body’s immune system. They play a vital role in protecting the body against infections and diseases. WBCs are produced and primarily found in the bone marrow, but they can also circulate throughout the bloodstream and various tissues.

119. WHO World Health Organization-

One of the most used biology full forms is World Health Organization (WHO), a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) responsible for coordinating and promoting international public health efforts. It was established on April 7, 1948, and its headquarters are located in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is the leading international authority on global health issues and works closely with governments, organizations, and communities worldwide to improve public health and ensure equitable access to healthcare for all.

120. YAC : Yeast Artificial Chromosome-

in biotechnology one of the most used biology full forms is Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) is a type of artificial chromosome used in genetic engineering and molecular biology to clone and study large fragments of DNA. YACs are derived from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a commonly used model organism in genetic research.

121. ZIFT: Zygote Intra-fallopian transfer-

Zygote Intra-Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT), is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure used to treat infertility in couples who have difficulty conceiving naturally. It is a variation of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and involves the fertilization of an egg (zygote) in the laboratory and then transferring the fertilized egg into the fallopian tube. 

These biology full forms are not only used in the study of biology, rather these can be the answers to many short questions in competitive examinations. These biology full forms are also used in higher studies, such as PS means Photoluminescence Spectroscopy which is useful in determining the electronic structure and properties of materials.