The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) is a highly competitive examination in India for aspiring medical and dental students. Among the three core subjects, Biology holds immense significance, comprising 50% of the total marks. In this article will provide a comprehensive overview of the NEET Biology syllabus, covering the essential concepts and topics that students must focus on to excel in the examination.
The Table Outlining The NEET Biology syllabus
The NEET Biology syllabus for Class 11:
| Unit | Topics |
|---|---|
| Unit 1: Diversity in the Living World | Introduction to Biology, Classification of Living Organisms, Plant Kingdom, Animal Kingdom |
| Unit 2: Structural Organization in Plants and Animals | Morphology of Flowering Plants, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, Animal Tissues |
| Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function | Cell Structure, Cell Organelles, Biomolecules, Cell Cycle and Cell Division |
| Unit 4: Plant Physiology | Transport in Plants, Mineral Nutrition, Photosynthesis, Respiration |
| Unit 5: Human Physiology | Digestive System, Respiratory System, Circulatory System, Excretory System, Nervous System |
The NEET Biology syllabus for Class 12:
| Unit | Topics |
|---|---|
| Unit 6: Reproduction | Reproduction in Organisms, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, Human Reproduction, Reproductive Health |
| Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution | Principles of Inheritance, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, Evolution, Human Health and Diseases |
| Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare | Human Health and Diseases, Microbes in Human Welfare, Biotechnology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production |
| Unit 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications | Principles and Processes, Applications in Medicine and Agriculture |
| Unit 10: Ecology and Environment | Organisms and Populations, Ecosystem, Biodiversity and Conservation, Environmental Issues |
Detailed NEET Biology Syllabus For Class 11
Chapter-1: The Living World
Let’s Visualize The Chapter
Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Let’s Visualize The Chapter
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology and modifications: Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit.
Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Plants Anatomy and functions of different tissues and tissue systems.
Chapter-7: Structural Organization in Animals
Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach).
Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles – structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.
Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes- types, properties, enzyme action.
Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance
Chapter-11: Transport in Plants
Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations, imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance transport of water – Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration, opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients – Transport of food, phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis.
Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition
Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.
Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration – glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations – number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.
Chapter-15: Plant – Growth and Development
Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation, and re-differentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators – auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalization; photoperiodism.
Chapter-16: Digestion and Absorption
Alimentary canal and digestive glands, role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorific values of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders – PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea.
Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans – exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration – asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.
Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system – Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system – hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.
Chapter-19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Modes of excretion – ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system – structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function – renin – angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders – uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.
Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement
Types of movement – ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal system – myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.
Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination
Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans – central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sensory perception; sense organs; elementary structure and functions of eye and ear.
Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system – hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo – and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease.
NEET Biology Syllabus For Class 12
Chapter-23: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction – asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction – binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.
Chapter-24: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination – types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events – development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
Chapter-25: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis – spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter-26: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control – need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
Chapter-27: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co- dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination – in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance – haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans -thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.
Chapter-28: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation. – lac operon; genome and human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter-29: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution – variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy – Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.
Chapter-30: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chickengunia, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence – drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter-31: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification, Apiculture and Animal husbandry.
Chapter-32: Microbes in Human Welfare
In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
Chapter-33: Biotechnology
Principles and processes Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).
Chapter-34: Biotechnology and its Application
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms – Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, bio piracy and patents.
Chapter-35: Organisms and Populations
Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions – mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes – growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
Chapter-36: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services – carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).
Chapter-37: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.
Chapter-38: Environmental Issues
Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change impact and mitigation; ozone layer depletion; deforestation; any one case study as success story addressing the environmental issue(s).
Disclaimer: This NEET Biology syllabus, separating the topics covered in Class 11 and Class 12. It’s important to note that this is a general representation, and the specific topics and subtopics may vary. It’s always advisable to refer to the official NEET syllabus or study materials provided by the exam conducting authority for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
Tips For The Neet Students To Study The Neet Biology Syllabus
Here are some tips for effective biology preparation for NEET:
- Understand the concepts: Focus on understanding the concepts rather than rote memorization.
- Read NCERT textbooks: Start with NCERT textbooks to build a strong foundation.
- Make notes: Prepare concise notes while studying to review important points quickly.
- Practice questions: Solve a variety of questions from different sources, including previous year question papers and mock tests.
- Revise regularly: Regular revision is essential to retain the learned information.
- Use visual aids: Utilize diagrams, flowcharts, and mnemonics to aid in memorization.
- Seek clarification: If you have doubts or confusion, seek help from teachers, peers, or online resources.
A strong grasp of the NEET Biology syllabus is crucial for students aiming to pursue medical and dental courses in India. This article has provided a comprehensive overview of the essential concepts and topics covered in the NEET Biology syllabus. By thoroughly understanding and studying these concepts, aspiring students will be better prepared to excel in the NEET examination and embark on a successful career in the medical field. Remember to refer to official NEET syllabus documents and reliable study materials for in-depth understanding and accurate preparation. Best of luck!
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ) on Neet Biology Syllabus:
1. What is the NEET biology syllabus?
The NEET biology syllabus covers topics from both Botany and Zoology. It includes subjects such as Cell Biology, Genetics and Evolution, Ecology, Human Physiology, Plant Physiology, Diversity in Living Organisms, Reproduction, Biotechnology, and more.
2. How many chapters are there in the NEET biology syllabus?
The NEET biology syllabus consists of a total of 38 chapters. There are 19 chapters in Botany and 19 chapters in Zoology.
3. Are all the chapters in the NEET biology syllabus equally important?
While all the chapters are important, some topics may carry more weightage in the NEET exam. It is recommended to give equal attention to all the chapters, but focus more on topics like Human Physiology, Genetics, Ecology, and Reproduction as they are frequently asked in the exam.
4. Can you provide a list of important chapters in the NEET biology syllabus?
Some important chapters in NEET biology include Human Physiology, Genetics and Evolution, Cell Biology, Ecology, Reproduction, Plant Physiology, Biomolecules, Animal Kingdom, Biotechnology, and Diversity in Living Organisms. However, it is crucial to cover the entire syllabus for comprehensive preparation.
5. Is NCERT sufficient for NEET biology preparation?
NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) textbooks are highly recommended for NEET biology preparation. They cover the entire syllabus and are considered the foundation for the exam. It is advisable to study NCERT thoroughly and then refer to additional study materials for deeper understanding and practice.